Energy Production In Humans

Why energy is needed?

          Human Body is just like a machine which need fuel for its whole function. Here energy does the work of the fuel in our body, and if the energy is not obtained then the lifeprocess which are continuously taking part in our Body will stop. Thus, we will Die.

Life process which require energy are as follows:

1. Movement

Both animals and plants have the ability to move. Plants are rooted and move slowly as they grow. Their roots move down into the soil and their stems move up towards the light. Animals on the other hand move quickly and can move their entire bodies. They can move in search of food, shelter or to avoid danger.

2. Respiration

Respiration is the process of extracting energy out of the food we eat. Respiration takes place in the mitochondria of the cell. There are two types of respiration, with and without oxygen. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and releases a large amount of energy. Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen and releases a smaller amount of energy.

3. Sensitivity

All living organisms are sensitive, this means that they have an awareness of changes in their environment. Animals respond quickly to stimuli such as heat, light, sound, touch and chemicals which have taste and smell. 

4. Growth

All living organisms grow. Plants continue growing throughout their lives. Animals stop growing once they reach adulthood. 

5. Excretion

All living things make waste products these can be useless or harmful to it and therefore need to be got rid of. Excretion is the process of getting rid of metabolic waste. Plants store waste substances in their leaves.

6. Reproduction

All living things must produce offspring like themselves in order for their species to survive. This is the process known as reproduction. Plants produce seeds that give rise to new plants of the same species. Animals lay eggs or have babies. 

7. Nutrition

Nutrition is needed for energy and growth, both plants and animals need food. Plants are able to make their own food by photosynthesi. Animals are unable to make their own food so rely on other plants and other animals.

Energy production

Energy production in humans undergoes through 3 basic steps they are as follows:

• Glycolysis
• Tricarboxylic acid cycle
• Electron transfer chain reaction

Glycolysis

1. The process of Glycolysis takes place in cytoplasm of the cell.

2. A molecule of glucose is oxidized step by step in this process and two molecules        of each i.e pyruvic acid, ATP, NADH2 and water are formed.

3. Molecules of pyruvic acid formed in this process are converted into a molecules        of  Acetyl-Coenzyme-A.

4. Two molecules of NADH2 and two molecules of CO2 are released during this             process.

5. Procees of Glycolysis is invented by three scientists Gustav Embden, Otto                     meyerhof, and jacob parnas.

6. It is also known as EMP pathway ( Embeden - Meyerhor - Parnas Pathway.

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

1. TCA cycle takes place inside the mitochondria of cell.

2. Both the molecules of Acetyle-Co-A enters the mitochondria 

3. The cyclic chain of reaction is called as tricarboxylic acid cycle 

4. Acetyl part of Acetyl-CoA is completely oxidized through this cyclical process and      molecules CO2, NADH2, FADH2 and water are derived.

5. TCA cycle is invented by Sir Hens Kreb. Hence it is also known as Kreb Cycle.

6. TCA cycle is also known as Citric Acid Cylce as the first molecules obtained in            this process is in the form of citric acid.

Electron Transfer Chain Reaction

1. Electron transfer chain reaction takes place inside the mitochondria of the cell.

2. Molecules of  and Formed during all above process participate in this chain                reaction.

3. Due to this 3 molecules of ATP is obtained form each NADH2 and 2 molecules of      ATP is obtained from each FADH2.

NADH2 : Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide.

FADH2 :  Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide.

 

ATP : adenine tri phosphate.